Adverse effects related to intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide in patients in a referral hospital
Abstract
Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an alkylating agent used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressant. In view of its toxicity and adverse safety profile, amid autoimmune diseases, it is reserved for remission induction in those with high disease activity or end organ damage.
Objectives: To determine the adverse effects related to the intravenous infusion of CYC in patients of the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá between the years 2020 and 2021.
Methods: A prospective, observational, descriptive study was carried out. Data was obtained from a survey filled by patients at the time of recruitment. Later, it was extrapolated to an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical program EPI INFO 7.
Results: The sample consisted of 70 patients, with a mean age of 38±15 years, 44 (63%) were women. 51 (73%) received CYC as immunosuppressive treatment in autoimmune diseases and 19 (27%) as antineoplastic treatment. The comorbidities detected were arterial hypertension in 37 patients (47%), diabetes mellitus in 1 patient (1%) and asthma in 2 patients (3%). 51 patients (73%) presented adverse effects. 82 adverse events were identified: hyponatremia in 25 (36%) patients, tachycardia in 19 (27%), nausea in 18 (26%), leukopenia in 15 (20%), and QTc prolongation in 5 (7%).
Conclusion: Patients were predominantly women, with a mean age of 38 years. The most frequent adverse effect was hyponatremia, which was severe in 3 patients. Other adverse effects identified were tachycardia, leukopenia, QTc prolongation and nausea.
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